VAX-ID® to prevent infectious diseases
In light of the COVID pandemic and the current emerging health emergency of mpox, intradermal prophylactic vaccination (i.e. injection of the vaccine in the dermal layer of the skin) offers a solution due to its dose-sparing potential. Indeed, only 1/5th of the dose given intradermally elicits a similar immune response to full dose given intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
True, the dermis is an attractive site for vaccination. It is highly vascularized and contains numerous immune cells, like dendritic cells and Langerhans cells.
Read more on intradermal injection
Other prophylactic vaccines
Also for other vaccines, like influenza, Hepatitis B, Rabies, and others studies show that up to 1/10th of the dose is only needed to achieve a non-inferior immune response compared to the full dose administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Also in elderly people improved immune responses are described after intradermal flu vaccination.
mRNA for prophylactic vaccination
Recently, the widespread use of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines furthermore accelerates mRNA vaccine technology leading to the development of future prophylactic as well as cancer vaccines (see therapeutic vaccination).
Advantages intradermal prophylactic vaccination
Intradermal vaccination has three big advantages over intramuscular or subcutaneous vaccination:
(1) an improved immune response to vaccine antigens;
(2) potential reduction of antigen-dose, and
(3) decreased anxiety and pain.
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